[PDF] Deodorants and antiperspirants affect the axillary bacterial community | Semantic Scholar (2025)

The aim of this paper is to review the main active ingredients used in marketed deodorant and antiperspirant formulations as well as to identify new strategies and future methods to optimize such products and prevent malodor.

A systematic review on the recent progress in the development of novel antiperspirant and deodorant active ingredients that are alcohol-free, paraben‐free, and naturally derived is performed.

The proposal of this article is to analyze deodorants and antiperspirants formulations addressing their mechanisms of action against axillary odor as well as presenting their benefits, harms, production technologies and quality control testing, making it useful for comparisons and best choices.

It was observed that the Lactobacıllus ferment lysate extract component used in the reduction of bad odor-causing microorganisms supported specific inhibition in the natural armpit microbiota and normalized the microbiota.

The increase in mecA gene expression in selected test bacteria that acquired resistance to oxacillin after exposure compared with control groups suggests that the observed resistance may have been related to aluminum chlorohydrate exposure.

It is demonstrated that BLC has the potential to reduce the axillary malodor and the associated odor-causing bacteria, which makes BLC a viable deodorant material in cosmetic products.

Research of the active cosmetic ingredients and products that maintain and promote these commensal metabolisms, or reduce their pathogenic forms, are now the new challenges of the skincare industry in correlation with the constant development of adapted evaluation methods.

It is concluded that the volatiles emanated from different body parts induced comparable levels of attraction in mosquitoes and that skincare products may reduce a person’s attractiveness to mosquitoes.

Personal care product effects last for weeks and produce highly individualized responses, including alterations in steroid and pheromone levels and in bacterial and archaeal ecosystem structure and dynamics, which may lead to next-generation precision beauty products and therapies for skin disorders.

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This review summarizes the physiology of eccrine, apocrine and apoeccrine sweat glands and the mechanisms of action of antiperspirants and deodorants as well as the factors influencing their efficacies.

A relatively stable axillary microbiome was noticed, although a few subjects evolved towards another stable community, and the deodorant usage had a proportional linear influence on the species diversity of the axillary microbiota.

In these studies, assay systems were developed to investigate the generation of VFAs from lipid substrates readily available to the bacteria resident on axillary skin, and a major route to short and medium chain VFA formation in the axilla was shown to be the partial catabolism of structurally unusual fatty acids.

In studying the physiology of the apocrine gland, the lack of appreciable odor in pure apocrine sweat as it relates to racial differences in body odor has been impressed.

This topographical and temporal survey of body sites from 10 healthy human individuals sampled over time provides a baseline for studies that examine the role of bacterial communities in disease states and the microbial interdependencies required to maintain healthy skin.

Using differential 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)- and rRNA-based terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting in combination with cloning and sequencing to identify active members of the human armpit microbiota, bacteria affiliated with well-known genera of skin bacteria were identified.

While antimicrobials may cause irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, no evidence exists that the use of antimicrobial substances may change the ecology of resident bacteria on the skin thereby leading to the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria.

This study conducted a study during a flat track roller derby tournament and found that teammates shared distinct skin microbial communities before and after playing against another team, but that opposing teams’ bacterial communities converged during the course of a roller derby bout.

Considering the previously reported role of β‐oxidation in odour formation, the genetic repertoire of eight Corynebacterium species concerning fatty acid metabolism was analysed and particularly focused on the metabolic abilities of the lipophilic axillary isolate CoryneBacterium jeikeium K411.

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